Which term is used for a legal document detailing an individual's medical decisions should they become unable to communicate?

The term that accurately describes a legal document detailing an individual's medical decisions in the event they become unable to communicate is a living will. A living will specifically outlines the medical treatments and interventions that a person desires or does not desire, such as resuscitation or life-sustaining measures, in situations where they may be incapacitated and unable to express their wishes.

This document serves to guide healthcare providers and loved ones in making decisions that align with the individual's values and preferences concerning end-of-life care and other significant medical situations. It is an important component of advance care planning, ensuring that a person’s health wishes are respected even when they cannot voice them.

While a power of attorney designates another person to make decisions on behalf of someone else, it is not solely focused on medical decisions. A health proxy, also known as a healthcare power of attorney, specifically appoints someone to make healthcare decisions on behalf of the individual but does not directly document the individual’s own medical preferences as a living will does. A trust, on the other hand, typically pertains to the management of one’s assets and does not involve medical decision-making.