Which factor contributes to the development of pressure injuries?

The development of pressure injuries, also known as pressure ulcers, is significantly influenced by shear and friction. Shear occurs when two surfaces move in opposite directions, often leading to damage beneath the skin while the outer layer appears intact. This can happen, for example, when a patient slides down in bed or is pulled up without proper support. Friction, on the other hand, involves the rubbing of skin against another surface, which can remove the outer skin layers and impair skin integrity.

Both shear and friction contribute to the breakdown of skin and underlying tissues, thereby increasing the risk for pressure injuries, particularly in areas where bony prominences are present. While bony prominences themselves are critical locations regarding pressure injuries due to their potential for excessive pressure against surfaces, it is the actions of shear and friction that often exacerbate the situation, leading to skin compromise.

In the context of wound care, understanding these mechanical forces is vital for prevention strategies, such as using specialized mattresses, repositioning techniques, and implementing skin care protocols to minimize risk and promote healing.