What is dandruff primarily characterized by?

Dandruff is primarily characterized by dry, white flakes that originate from the scalp. This condition is often associated with seborrheic dermatitis, which can lead to the production of these flakes due to heightened skin cell turnover. As skin cells die and are shed more frequently, they accumulate on the scalp and may fall onto the shoulders, resulting in the noticeable flakes.

The appearance of these dry flakes is a key feature of dandruff, and while it may also involve some redness and irritation of the scalp, the distinct presence of visible white flakes is what defines the condition. This understanding is essential for identifying and managing dandruff effectively, which can include the use of specialized shampoos or topical treatments aimed at reducing both flakiness and irritation.