What is a common cause of pressure injuries?

Prolonged pressure on the skin is a well-established cause of pressure injuries, also known as pressure ulcers or bedsores. These injuries occur when continuous pressure impairs blood flow to the affected area, particularly in individuals who are immobile or have limited mobility. The combination of pressure, shear forces, and friction can lead to tissue ischemia and subsequent necrosis if not addressed. This is especially prevalent in areas where bones are close to the surface of the skin, such as the heels, sacrum, and elbows.

While other factors may contribute to skin integrity or overall health, they do not directly cause pressure injuries in the way that continuous, localized pressure does. For example, high blood pressure may affect overall vascular health but does not directly lead to localized tissue damage from pressure. Dehydration can impact skin elasticity and overall health but is not a direct cause of pressure injuries. Similarly, excessive physical activity might improve circulation and muscle tone, which could actually reduce the risk of developing pressure injuries in a healthy individual. Therefore, recognizing prolonged pressure as the primary cause highlights the importance of repositioning and skin care in at-risk patients.