What does pseudodementia refer to?

Pseudodementia refers specifically to a condition characterized by cognitive impairment that mimics dementia but is due to underlying psychological issues, particularly major depressive disorder. Individuals experiencing pseudodementia often present with memory and cognitive deficits that can resemble those seen in true dementia, but these deficits are reversible if the underlying depression is treated effectively.

The term "pseudo" indicates that the dementia-like symptoms are not a result of degenerative brain diseases but rather from mental health conditions, distinguishing this condition from true dementia, which typically involves irreversible destruction of cognitive function due to various neurological disorders. This emphasizes the importance of correctly diagnosing and treating the underlying psychological issue to restore cognitive function.

Other options refer to different conditions or factors that do not accurately describe pseudodementia. For example, chemical dependency, progressive neurological disorders, and conditions caused by vitamin deficiencies have distinct characteristics and complications that do not pertain to the nature of pseudodementia.