What does orthostatic hypotension refer to?

Orthostatic hypotension refers to an abnormal drop in blood pressure that occurs when a person stands up from a sitting or lying position. The condition is characterized by symptoms such as dizziness or lightheadedness due to insufficient blood flow to the brain as blood pressure falls.

When a person stands, gravity causes blood to pool in the lower extremities. Normally, the body compensates for this change by increasing heart rate and constricting blood vessels. However, in cases of orthostatic hypotension, this compensatory mechanism fails, leading to the aforementioned symptoms.

Recognizing this condition is important in clinical practice, especially in populations at risk, such as the elderly or those on certain medications. Proper management may include lifestyle changes, fluid intake, and sometimes medication to help maintain adequate blood pressure upon standing.