What does internal rotation refer to in medical terms?

Internal rotation refers to the movement of a joint where the body part turns inward towards the center of the body. This term is commonly used in the context of joints such as the shoulder and hip, where the limb or segment rotates around its own axis.

In the case of the shoulder, when the arm is internally rotated, it moves closer to the midline of the body, often seen when performing actions like placing a hand on the abdomen. In the hip, internal rotation allows the thigh to turn inward as opposed to moving outward. This coordinated movement is essential for activities such as walking, running, and various sports, highlighting its significance in understanding joint mechanics and functional movement patterns.

Other options provided do not accurately capture the definition of internal rotation. For instance, moving the joint outward refers to external rotation, while rotating the body externally or moving in circular motions describes different types of movements that do not align with the definition of internal rotation. Therefore, the selection of the option that defines turning the joint inward is indeed the correct understanding of internal rotation in medical terms.