What characterizes a pressure injury?

The characterization of a pressure injury is primarily defined as localized damage to the skin and underlying tissue that usually occurs over a bony prominence due to prolonged pressure, often in conjunction with shear and friction. This is significant in understanding the development and risks associated with pressure injuries, particularly in vulnerable populations such as those who are immobile or have impaired circulation.

Localized damage typically manifests as redness in lighter skin tones or a change in color, warmth, or texture in darker skin tones, indicating the need for further assessment. Over time, if the pressure is not relieved, these injuries can progress through stages, potentially leading to more severe damage including ulcers and tissue necrosis. Recognizing this characteristic is crucial for prevention, early intervention, and managing the overall care of at-risk patients.

The other options do not accurately describe pressure injuries. Swelling of the limbs does not directly correlate with localized tissue damage from prolonged pressure. Painful muscle cramps are symptoms related to different conditions, such as dehydration or electrolyte imbalance, and do not pertain to skin integrity issues. Lastly, a systemic infection represents a body-wide impairment caused by pathogens and is not defined by localized skin damage like a pressure injury.